Chemistry is driven by the observation of chemical reactivity, by the analysis of how matter transforms in chemical reaction. Of course, given inert materials, there is no chemical reactivity...
The chlorine molecule is represented as $Cl-Cl$, i.e. $Cl_2$. Between the chlorine atoms, 2 electrons overlap to form a region of high electron to which the positively charged chlorine nuclei...
And of course, in an ionic solid (say $"sodium chloride"$), an isolated cation, a sodium ion, is BOUND ELECTROSTATICALLY to EVERY OTHER CHLORIDE ANION in the lattice. The attraction/repulsion follows...
Remember that all noble gases are free from being involved in reactions as they are stable, all strive to be stable, I.E have a full outer shell of electrons, noble...
The term "stable" in Chemistry simply means that the atoms have an octet shell. With a full valence shell, electrons cannot be shared nor transferred. Since Noble Gases are known...
The of metals tend to be lost, and for this reason metals TEND to be reducing. And non-metals are electron poor. And as a result they tend to be oxidizing....
A completely filled outer electron shell is stable because it can not gain any more electrons, it is full. Being completely full it has no desire to lose electrons thereby...
$"Moles of chlorine"=(16.7*g)/(35.45*g*mol^-1)=0.47*mol$ $"Moles of sodium"=(10.8*g)/(22.99*g*mol^-1)=0.47*mol$ $"Moles of oxygen"=(22.5*g)/(16.00*g*mol^-1)=1.41*mol$ We divide thru by the smallest quantity, that of sodium, to give an empirical formula.....of $NaClO_3$, i.e. $"sodium chlorate"$.
