A sodium atom has one outer electron, and a carbon atom has four outer electrons. How might this difference be related to the types of compounds formed by atoms of these two elements?

Md Ariful Islam

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Md Ariful Islam

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$Na(s) rarr Na^(+) + e^(-)$

This loss of a valence electron is fairly facile, and in fact salts containing the $Na^+$ are legion.....and this inludes the salt we use to season our fish and chips....

On the other hand, oxidation of carbon to give a $C^(4+)$ ion (i.e. removal of all its valence electrons) would be energetically unlikely.....The four assigned to carbon are more likely to be shared between atoms to form covalent bonds, i.e. $C-H$, $C-C$, $C-O$, $C-N$, $C-X$ etc....

And of course carbon can also unsaturated bonds, $C=N$, $C=O$, $C=C$...........

And so sodium will tend to form , whereas carbon will tend to form molecular, .

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