Question 12: The last step in the protocol is to autoclave the 10x PBS solution. Why do you think this step is important? Look up the definition of autoclave if you are unsure what it means.

Laminar flow, sometimes known as streamline flow, occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between the layers.[1] At low velocities the fluid tends to flow without...

the cup should never be used for accuracy because its marks are approximate and not accurate.

pH scale indicates the acidity and alkalinity of a solution. pH is used to show if the solution is acidic or basic and reflects the concentration of H+ ion. pH...

Autoclave is the best choice because it allows creating temperature over 100 C due to development of high pressure. It ensures the efficient destruction of bacterial spores, which may survive...

The reaction given:H2PO4-(aq) ⇆ H+(aq) + HPO42-( aq)Here, H2PO4- ion serves as a proton donor, while HPO42- ion is a proton acceptor. In a PBS solution, Na2HPO4 dissociates into Na+ and HPO42-. As a result, this molecule...

The heat that an autoclave delivers via pressurized steam kills bacteria and other microorganisms by causing the organisms' structural proteins and enzymes to lose their shape in an irreversible way,...

Change each percent abundance into decimal form by dividing by 100. Multiply this value by the atomic mass of that isotope. Add together for each isotope to get the average...

Checking what the oxidation states of the elements are. H is +1 when not bound to a metal, O and S are -2 when bound to elements of lower electronegativity...

They are unreactive towards these reagents.The success of triflate reagents is due to the lower basicity and chemical inertness of the triflate anion.

2PbS(s) + 2C(s) + 3O2(g) → 2Pb(s) +2CO(g) + 2SO2(g)n(PbS) = 100 g / (2 *239.3 g/mol) = 0.21 moln(C) = 4 g / (2*12 g/mol) = 0.17 moln(O2) =...