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In $"MgSO"_4$, the number of oxygen atoms is represented by the subscript directly next to the $"O"$.

In $"7H"_2"O"$, the coefficient $7$ can be multiplied throughout each element in the molecule.

$"MgS"color(red)("O"_4)rarr"4 O atoms"$

$color(red)("7")"H"_2color(red)("O")rarr"7 O atoms"$

There is a total of $4+7=11$ oxygen atoms.

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