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$"Atom W has 9 protons and 9 neutrons, Atom X has 8 protons and 9"$ $"neutrons. Atom Y has 9 protons, and 9 neutrons. Atom Z has 10 protons"$ $"and 10 neutrons."$ What are the isotopes?

Md Ariful Islam

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Md Ariful Islam

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And $Z$ defines the identity of the element: $Z=1,H;Z=2,He;..........Z=6,C;........Z=37, Ru...........$

You don't have to remember these numbers, because a Periodic Table will be supplied to you in every test of chemistry and physics. You do have to be able to USE the Table.

Nuclear protons are conceived to have a positive charge. For a NEUTRAL element, there thus must be an equal number of negative charges, and these are supplied by $"electrons"$, which have negligible mass, unlike the proton, and are conceived to whizz about the nuclear core.

Also contained in the nuclear core, are various numbers of neutrons. Because a particular element may have various numbers of neutrons, this gives rise to the existence of $"isotopes"$, which are the same element, but have slightly different mass.

And so we identify the given nuclides, armed with a Periodic Table. All I do is look up the number $Z$, given by the number of protons:

$"Atom W"$ $=$ $"9 protons and 9 neutrons"$, $""^18F$

$"Atom X"$ $=$ $"8 protons and 9 neutrons"$, $""^17O$

$"Atom Y"$ $=$ $"9 protons and 9 neutrons"$, $""^18F$

(i.e. $W$ and $Y$ are the same isotopes)

$"Atom Z"$ $=$ $"9 protons and 10 neutrons"$, $""^19F$

$Z$ and $Y$ are different isotopes of the fluorine element. $W$ and $Y$ are the SAME isotope.

Please don't be blinded by science, and a few unfamiliar terms. The concept is fairly simple, and if you persist you will master it. A final question. We have $Z=92$ for an unknown element. It has $146$ neutrons in its nucleus. Can you identify the element, and the relevant isotope?

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