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What does the second law of thermodynamics state? If the entropy of a folded protein is lower than that of the protein in its denatured state explain how the folding process be spontaneous?
The 2nd law states that total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.In protein folding the sum of hydrophobic effect,hydrogen bonding process and van der waals force...
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Using the standard reduction potentials, determine whether the following reactions are spontaneous under standard conditions: A. Silver reducing hydrogen ions to hydrogen
Defined relative to standard hydrogen electrode reference electrode, which is arbitrarily given a potential of 0.00 volts
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Give 2 examples each of oxidation reactions and reduction reactions in daily life.
gain of electron is called oxidation and reduce of electron is called reduction, in daily life.we drink water is oxidation and urine is reduction.
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(a) Explain Satytzeff rule giving suitable example.(b) Give mechanism of the following reactions: (i) Birch reduction (ii) Wittig reaction (iii) Dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides
Saytzeff rule "In dehydrohalogenation reactions, the preferred product is that alkene which has the greater number of alkyl groups attached to the doubly bonded carbon atoms." For example: The dehydrohalogenation...
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Explain 1. free radical addition reactions. 2. Free radical substitution reactions 3. Electron transfer reactions
Free-radical reactions depend on a reagent having a (relatively) weak bond, allowing it to homolyse to form radicals (often with heat or light). Reagents without such a weak bond would...
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Provide symbols (where appropriate) and definitions for the following terms:
(a) Enthalpy change
(b) Entropy change
(c) Free-energy change
(d) Spontaneity process
(e) Non-spontaneous process
(a) An enthalpy change, Delta;H, describes the change in enthalpy observed in the constituents of a thermodynamic system when undergoing a transformation or chemical reaction. It is the difference between...
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What are pseudo first order reactions ? Give one example of such a reaction. Also write the expressions for the pseudo first order rate constant.
If the concentration of a reactant remains constant, it can be included in the rate constant, obtaining a pseudo–first order rate equation. For a typical second-order reaction with rate equation v...
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A certain reaction is spontaneous at 90.°C. If the enthalpy change for the reaction is 30. kJ, what is the minimum value of Δr S (in joules per kelvin) for the reaction?
ΔS=-ΔH/TT= (90+273) =363KΔS=-30000/363 =-82.64J/K
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How do I calculate delta E° of the equation Cl2 + 2Br2 = 2Cl. As well is it a spontaneous or non-spontaneous reaction at standard conditions?
The shorthand notation, Cl / Cl2+(aq), 1 M // Br2+(aq), 2.0 M / Br, means the following:In the anode compartment, Cl(s) --> Cl2+(aq) + 2 e-In the cathode compartment, Cl2+(aq)...
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where is the importance for spontaneous reactions are in textbook
A. increases the solubility of a solid
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