Balanced equation
$"2CO"("g") + "O"_2("g")"$$rarr$$"2CO"_2("g")"$
To calculate moles $"CO"$ and $"O"_2"$ required to produce $"10 mol CO"_2"$, multiply mol $"CO"_2"$ by the mol ratio between the desired reactant and $"CO"_2"$ in the balanced equation, with the desired reactant in the numerator.
$10color(red)cancel(color(black)("mol CO"_2))xx(2"mol CO")/(2color(red)cancel(color(black)("mol CO"_2)))="10 mol CO"$
$10color(red)cancel(color(black)("mol CO"_2))xx(1"mol O"_2)/(2color(red)cancel(color(black)("mol CO"_2)))="5 mol O"_2"$