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The mass percent of a component in a mixture is given by the formula

$color(blue)(|bar(ul(color(white)(a/a) "Mass Percent" = "Mass of component"/"Mass of mixture" × 100 % color(white)(a/a)|)))" "$

In your problem,

$"Mass of sand = 80 T"$
$"Mass of mixture" = "mass of sand + mass of rock + mass of cement" = "80 T + 12 T + 4 T" = "96 T"$

$"Mass percent of sand" = ( 80 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("T"))))/(96 color(red)(cancel(color(black)("T")))) × 100 % = 83 %$

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