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To identify the independent and dependent variables you need to first identify what the variables are. Then you ask yourself, which variable will be affected if anything is changed? For example; You have 2 variables the temperature of water and the state that the water is in (solid, liquid, gas).

The dependent variable is the state of matter that the water is because it is directly affected by any change in the temperature of the water. If I make the water colder it will freeze and become a solid. If I make it room temperature it will be a liquid and if I boil the water it'll turn into a gaseous form.

The independent variable is the one that is able to be manipulated or changed. Only one variable should be changed at a time.

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