We can study astronomical objects through the radiation received from them. First it was visible light. Optical telescopes.Later came radio telescopes.Our atmosphere does not allow the Gama rays, X rays and many part of spectrum to come down.
So we have to put telescope in space to study them.Example Chandra X ray telescope, Hubble space telescope
Ordinary telescopes have 3 functions.They collect more light. 2 They resolve close objects 3 They magnify objects.
Space telescopes also do most of these functions in the particular Wave length.